Group music performance causes elevated pain thresholds and social bonding in small and large groups of singers.
Identifieur interne : 000121 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 000120; suivant : 000122Group music performance causes elevated pain thresholds and social bonding in small and large groups of singers.
Auteurs : Daniel Weinstein [Royaume-Uni] ; Jacques Launay [Royaume-Uni] ; Eiluned Pearce [Royaume-Uni] ; Robin I M. Dunbar [Royaume-Uni] ; Lauren Stewart [Royaume-Uni]Source :
- Evolution and human behavior : official journal of the Human Behavior and Evolution Society [ 1090-5138 ] ; 2016.
Abstract
Over our evolutionary history, humans have faced the problem of how to create and maintain social bonds in progressively larger groups compared to those of our primate ancestors. Evidence from historical and anthropological records suggests that group music-making might act as a mechanism by which this large-scale social bonding could occur. While previous research has shown effects of music making on social bonds in small group contexts, the question of whether this effect 'scales up' to larger groups is particularly important when considering the potential role of music for large-scale social bonding. The current study recruited individuals from a community choir that met in both small (n = 20 - 80) and large (a 'megachoir' combining individuals from the smaller subchoirs n = 232) group contexts. Participants gave self-report measures (via a survey) of social bonding and had pain threshold measurements taken (as a proxy for endorphin release) before and after 90 minutes of singing. Results showed that feelings of inclusion, connectivity, positive affect, and measures of endorphin release all increased across singing rehearsals and that the influence of group singing was comparable for pain thresholds in the large versus small group context. Levels of social closeness were found to be greater at pre- and post-levels for the small choir condition. However, the large choir condition experienced a greater change in social closeness as compared to the small condition. The finding that singing together fosters social closeness - even in large contexts where individuals are not known to each other - is consistent with evolutionary accounts that emphasize the role of music in social bonding, particularly in the context of creating larger cohesive groups than other primates are able to manage.
DOI: 10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2015.10.002
PubMed: 27158219
PubMed Central: PMC4856205
Affiliations:
- Royaume-Uni
- Angleterre, Grand Londres, Oxfordshire
- Londres, Oxford
- Université d'Oxford, Université de Londres
Links toward previous steps (curation, corpus...)
Le document en format XML
<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Group music performance causes elevated pain thresholds and social bonding in small and large groups of singers.</title><author><name sortKey="Weinstein, Daniel" sort="Weinstein, Daniel" uniqKey="Weinstein D" first="Daniel" last="Weinstein">Daniel Weinstein</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Goldsmiths, University of London, Lewisham Way, New Cross, London SE14 6NW, United Kingdom, +44 20 7919 7171.</nlm:affiliation><orgName type="university">Université de Londres</orgName><country>Royaume-Uni</country><placeName><settlement type="city">Londres</settlement><region type="country">Angleterre</region><region type="région" nuts="1">Grand Londres</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Launay, Jacques" sort="Launay, Jacques" uniqKey="Launay J" first="Jacques" last="Launay">Jacques Launay</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>University of Oxford, Department of Experimental Psychology, Tinbergen Building, Oxford, OX1 3UD, United Kingdom, +44 1865 271367.</nlm:affiliation><orgName type="university">Université d'Oxford</orgName><country>Royaume-Uni</country><placeName><settlement type="city">Oxford</settlement><region type="nation">Angleterre</region><region type="région" nuts="1">Oxfordshire</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pearce, Eiluned" sort="Pearce, Eiluned" uniqKey="Pearce E" first="Eiluned" last="Pearce">Eiluned Pearce</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>University of Oxford, Department of Experimental Psychology, Tinbergen Building, Oxford, OX1 3UD, United Kingdom, +44 1865 271367.</nlm:affiliation><orgName type="university">Université d'Oxford</orgName><country>Royaume-Uni</country><placeName><settlement type="city">Oxford</settlement><region type="nation">Angleterre</region><region type="région" nuts="1">Oxfordshire</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Dunbar, Robin I M" sort="Dunbar, Robin I M" uniqKey="Dunbar R" first="Robin I M" last="Dunbar">Robin I M. Dunbar</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>University of Oxford, Department of Experimental Psychology, Tinbergen Building, Oxford, OX1 3UD, United Kingdom, +44 1865 271367.</nlm:affiliation><orgName type="university">Université d'Oxford</orgName><country>Royaume-Uni</country><placeName><settlement type="city">Oxford</settlement><region type="nation">Angleterre</region><region type="région" nuts="1">Oxfordshire</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Stewart, Lauren" sort="Stewart, Lauren" uniqKey="Stewart L" first="Lauren" last="Stewart">Lauren Stewart</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Goldsmiths, University of London, Lewisham Way, New Cross, London SE14 6NW, United Kingdom, +44 20 7919 7171.</nlm:affiliation><orgName type="university">Université de Londres</orgName><country>Royaume-Uni</country><placeName><settlement type="city">Londres</settlement><region type="country">Angleterre</region><region type="région" nuts="1">Grand Londres</region></placeName></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PubMed</idno><date when="2016">2016</date><idno type="RBID">pubmed:27158219</idno><idno type="pmid">27158219</idno><idno type="doi">10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2015.10.002</idno><idno type="pmc">PMC4856205</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Corpus">000117</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Main" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PubMed">000117</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Curation">000115</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Main" wicri:step="Curation">000115</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Exploration">000115</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en">Group music performance causes elevated pain thresholds and social bonding in small and large groups of singers.</title><author><name sortKey="Weinstein, Daniel" sort="Weinstein, Daniel" uniqKey="Weinstein D" first="Daniel" last="Weinstein">Daniel Weinstein</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Goldsmiths, University of London, Lewisham Way, New Cross, London SE14 6NW, United Kingdom, +44 20 7919 7171.</nlm:affiliation><orgName type="university">Université de Londres</orgName><country>Royaume-Uni</country><placeName><settlement type="city">Londres</settlement><region type="country">Angleterre</region><region type="région" nuts="1">Grand Londres</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Launay, Jacques" sort="Launay, Jacques" uniqKey="Launay J" first="Jacques" last="Launay">Jacques Launay</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>University of Oxford, Department of Experimental Psychology, Tinbergen Building, Oxford, OX1 3UD, United Kingdom, +44 1865 271367.</nlm:affiliation><orgName type="university">Université d'Oxford</orgName><country>Royaume-Uni</country><placeName><settlement type="city">Oxford</settlement><region type="nation">Angleterre</region><region type="région" nuts="1">Oxfordshire</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pearce, Eiluned" sort="Pearce, Eiluned" uniqKey="Pearce E" first="Eiluned" last="Pearce">Eiluned Pearce</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>University of Oxford, Department of Experimental Psychology, Tinbergen Building, Oxford, OX1 3UD, United Kingdom, +44 1865 271367.</nlm:affiliation><orgName type="university">Université d'Oxford</orgName><country>Royaume-Uni</country><placeName><settlement type="city">Oxford</settlement><region type="nation">Angleterre</region><region type="région" nuts="1">Oxfordshire</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Dunbar, Robin I M" sort="Dunbar, Robin I M" uniqKey="Dunbar R" first="Robin I M" last="Dunbar">Robin I M. Dunbar</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>University of Oxford, Department of Experimental Psychology, Tinbergen Building, Oxford, OX1 3UD, United Kingdom, +44 1865 271367.</nlm:affiliation><orgName type="university">Université d'Oxford</orgName><country>Royaume-Uni</country><placeName><settlement type="city">Oxford</settlement><region type="nation">Angleterre</region><region type="région" nuts="1">Oxfordshire</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Stewart, Lauren" sort="Stewart, Lauren" uniqKey="Stewart L" first="Lauren" last="Stewart">Lauren Stewart</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Goldsmiths, University of London, Lewisham Way, New Cross, London SE14 6NW, United Kingdom, +44 20 7919 7171.</nlm:affiliation><orgName type="university">Université de Londres</orgName><country>Royaume-Uni</country><placeName><settlement type="city">Londres</settlement><region type="country">Angleterre</region><region type="région" nuts="1">Grand Londres</region></placeName></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Evolution and human behavior : official journal of the Human Behavior and Evolution Society</title><idno type="ISSN">1090-5138</idno><imprint><date when="2016" type="published">2016</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">Over our evolutionary history, humans have faced the problem of how to create and maintain social bonds in progressively larger groups compared to those of our primate ancestors. Evidence from historical and anthropological records suggests that group music-making might act as a mechanism by which this large-scale social bonding could occur. While previous research has shown effects of music making on social bonds in small group contexts, the question of whether this effect 'scales up' to larger groups is particularly important when considering the potential role of music for large-scale social bonding. The current study recruited individuals from a community choir that met in both small (n = 20 - 80) and large (a 'megachoir' combining individuals from the smaller subchoirs n = 232) group contexts. Participants gave self-report measures (via a survey) of social bonding and had pain threshold measurements taken (as a proxy for endorphin release) before and after 90 minutes of singing. Results showed that feelings of inclusion, connectivity, positive affect, and measures of endorphin release all increased across singing rehearsals and that the influence of group singing was comparable for pain thresholds in the large versus small group context. Levels of social closeness were found to be greater at pre- and post-levels for the small choir condition. However, the large choir condition experienced a greater change in social closeness as compared to the small condition. The finding that singing together fosters social closeness - even in large contexts where individuals are not known to each other - is consistent with evolutionary accounts that emphasize the role of music in social bonding, particularly in the context of creating larger cohesive groups than other primates are able to manage.</div></front></TEI><pubmed><MedlineCitation Status="Publisher" Owner="NLM"><PMID Version="1">27158219</PMID><DateRevised><Year>2019</Year><Month>11</Month><Day>20</Day></DateRevised><Article PubModel="Print"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Print">1090-5138</ISSN><JournalIssue CitedMedium="Print"><Volume>37</Volume><Issue>2</Issue><PubDate><Year>2016</Year><Month>Mar</Month><Day>01</Day></PubDate></JournalIssue><Title>Evolution and human behavior : official journal of the Human Behavior and Evolution Society</Title><ISOAbbreviation>Evol. Hum. Behav.</ISOAbbreviation></Journal><ArticleTitle>Group music performance causes elevated pain thresholds and social bonding in small and large groups of singers.</ArticleTitle><Pagination><MedlinePgn>152-158</MedlinePgn></Pagination><Abstract><AbstractText>Over our evolutionary history, humans have faced the problem of how to create and maintain social bonds in progressively larger groups compared to those of our primate ancestors. Evidence from historical and anthropological records suggests that group music-making might act as a mechanism by which this large-scale social bonding could occur. While previous research has shown effects of music making on social bonds in small group contexts, the question of whether this effect 'scales up' to larger groups is particularly important when considering the potential role of music for large-scale social bonding. The current study recruited individuals from a community choir that met in both small (n = 20 - 80) and large (a 'megachoir' combining individuals from the smaller subchoirs n = 232) group contexts. Participants gave self-report measures (via a survey) of social bonding and had pain threshold measurements taken (as a proxy for endorphin release) before and after 90 minutes of singing. Results showed that feelings of inclusion, connectivity, positive affect, and measures of endorphin release all increased across singing rehearsals and that the influence of group singing was comparable for pain thresholds in the large versus small group context. Levels of social closeness were found to be greater at pre- and post-levels for the small choir condition. However, the large choir condition experienced a greater change in social closeness as compared to the small condition. The finding that singing together fosters social closeness - even in large contexts where individuals are not known to each other - is consistent with evolutionary accounts that emphasize the role of music in social bonding, particularly in the context of creating larger cohesive groups than other primates are able to manage.</AbstractText></Abstract><AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Weinstein</LastName><ForeName>Daniel</ForeName><Initials>D</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Goldsmiths, University of London, Lewisham Way, New Cross, London SE14 6NW, United Kingdom, +44 20 7919 7171.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Launay</LastName><ForeName>Jacques</ForeName><Initials>J</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>University of Oxford, Department of Experimental Psychology, Tinbergen Building, Oxford, OX1 3UD, United Kingdom, +44 1865 271367.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Pearce</LastName><ForeName>Eiluned</ForeName><Initials>E</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>University of Oxford, Department of Experimental Psychology, Tinbergen Building, Oxford, OX1 3UD, United Kingdom, +44 1865 271367.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Dunbar</LastName><ForeName>Robin I M</ForeName><Initials>RI</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>University of Oxford, Department of Experimental Psychology, Tinbergen Building, Oxford, OX1 3UD, United Kingdom, +44 1865 271367.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Stewart</LastName><ForeName>Lauren</ForeName><Initials>L</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Goldsmiths, University of London, Lewisham Way, New Cross, London SE14 6NW, United Kingdom, +44 20 7919 7171.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author></AuthorList><Language>eng</Language><GrantList CompleteYN="Y"><Grant><GrantID>295663</GrantID><Agency>European Research Council</Agency><Country>International</Country></Grant></GrantList><PublicationTypeList><PublicationType UI="D016428">Journal Article</PublicationType></PublicationTypeList></Article><MedlineJournalInfo><Country>United States</Country><MedlineTA>Evol Hum Behav</MedlineTA><NlmUniqueID>9709475</NlmUniqueID><ISSNLinking>1090-5138</ISSNLinking></MedlineJournalInfo><KeywordList Owner="NOTNLM"><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">endorphins</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">evolution</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">music</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">singing</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">social bonding</Keyword></KeywordList></MedlineCitation><PubmedData><History><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="entrez"><Year>2016</Year><Month>5</Month><Day>10</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="pubmed"><Year>2016</Year><Month>5</Month><Day>10</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="medline"><Year>2016</Year><Month>5</Month><Day>10</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate></History><PublicationStatus>ppublish</PublicationStatus><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">27158219</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="doi">10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2015.10.002</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="pmc">PMC4856205</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="mid">EMS67840</ArticleId></ArticleIdList><pmc-dir>nihms</pmc-dir>
<ReferenceList><Reference><Citation>Evol Psychol. 2012 Oct 22;10(4):688-702</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">23089077</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>J Health Soc Behav. 2010;51 Suppl:S54-66</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">20943583</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>Front Psychol. 2013 Jul 09;4:334</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">23847555</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>Behav Brain Sci. 2005 Jun;28(3):313-50; discussion 350-95</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">16209725</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>Emotion. 2011 Apr;11(2):262-6</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">21500895</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>R Soc Open Sci. 2015 Oct 28;2(10):150221</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">26587241</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>J Exp Psychol Gen. 2014 Feb;143(1):123-30</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">23317087</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>Exp Psychol. 2013;60(1):53-63</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">22935329</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>Dev Sci. 2014 Nov;17(6):1003-11</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">25513669</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2010 Feb;34(2):260-8</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">18662717</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>Science. 2001 Jul 13;293(5528):311-5</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">11452128</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>Psychol Res. 2013 Mar;77(2):196-203</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">22367155</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>Scand J Psychol. 2006 Apr;47(2):129-36</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">16542355</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>Hum Nat. 2003 Mar;14(1):53-72</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">26189988</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>Proc Biol Sci. 2012 Mar 22;279(1731):1161-7</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">21920973</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2003 Nov;60(11):1145-53</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">14609890</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>Biol Lett. 2010 Feb 23;6(1):106-8</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">19755532</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>Dev Psychobiol. 1995 Mar;28(2):71-84</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">8529786</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>Top Cogn Sci. 2009 Apr;1(2):353-67</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">25164938</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>PLoS Med. 2010 Jul 27;7(7):e1000316</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">20668659</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>Mol Psychiatry. 2013 Nov;18(11):1211-7</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">23958960</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>Front Psychol. 2013 Jun 13;4:311</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">23785342</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>J Archaeol Sci. 2014 Oct 1;50:403-413</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">25214706</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>Proc Biol Sci. 2005 Feb 22;272(1561):439-44</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">15734699</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>Trends Ecol Evol. 2005 Oct;20(10):561-7</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">16701435</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>Front Psychol. 2014 Sep 30;5:1096</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">25324805</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 1982 Apr;16(4):653-9</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">6280208</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>PLoS One. 2013 Aug 07;8(8):e71182</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">23951106</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>Proc Biol Sci. 2007 Sep 7;274(1622):2195-202</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">17609186</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>Br J Psychol. 2016 May;107(2):322-37</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">26256821</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 1980 Nov;13(5):663-72</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">7192404</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>Psychol Sci. 2009 Jan;20(1):1-5</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">19152536</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>Cogn Process. 2014 Nov;15(4):491-501</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">24805849</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>Front Psychol. 2014 Feb 05;5:18</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">24550854</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>Psychoneuroendocrinology. 1989;14(1-2):155-61</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">2525263</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference></ReferenceList></PubmedData></pubmed><affiliations><list><country><li>Royaume-Uni</li></country><region><li>Angleterre</li><li>Grand Londres</li><li>Oxfordshire</li></region><settlement><li>Londres</li><li>Oxford</li></settlement><orgName><li>Université d'Oxford</li><li>Université de Londres</li></orgName></list><tree><country name="Royaume-Uni"><region name="Angleterre"><name sortKey="Weinstein, Daniel" sort="Weinstein, Daniel" uniqKey="Weinstein D" first="Daniel" last="Weinstein">Daniel Weinstein</name></region><name sortKey="Dunbar, Robin I M" sort="Dunbar, Robin I M" uniqKey="Dunbar R" first="Robin I M" last="Dunbar">Robin I M. Dunbar</name><name sortKey="Launay, Jacques" sort="Launay, Jacques" uniqKey="Launay J" first="Jacques" last="Launay">Jacques Launay</name><name sortKey="Pearce, Eiluned" sort="Pearce, Eiluned" uniqKey="Pearce E" first="Eiluned" last="Pearce">Eiluned Pearce</name><name sortKey="Stewart, Lauren" sort="Stewart, Lauren" uniqKey="Stewart L" first="Lauren" last="Stewart">Lauren Stewart</name></country></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
EXPLOR_STEP=$WICRI_ROOT/Sante/explor/SanteChoraleV4/Data/Main/Exploration
HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_STEP/biblio.hfd -nk 000121 | SxmlIndent | more
Ou
HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Main/Exploration/biblio.hfd -nk 000121 | SxmlIndent | more
Pour mettre un lien sur cette page dans le réseau Wicri
{{Explor lien
|wiki= Sante
|area= SanteChoraleV4
|flux= Main
|étape= Exploration
|type= RBID
|clé= pubmed:27158219
|texte= Group music performance causes elevated pain thresholds and social bonding in small and large groups of singers.
}}
Pour générer des pages wiki
HfdIndexSelect -h $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Main/Exploration/RBID.i -Sk "pubmed:27158219" \
| HfdSelect -Kh $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Main/Exploration/biblio.hfd \
| NlmPubMed2Wicri -a SanteChoraleV4
| This area was generated with Dilib version V0.6.37. |  |